"Новая Эра" в лечении рака
BBC науки
Новая вакцина работ "загрунтовать" белых кровяных клеток по борьбе с раковыми клетками.
Вакцина "обычай", которая борется с раком путем стимулирования собственной иммунной системой пациента.
Хотя терапия называемых Provenge, не является панацеей, клинические испытания, проведенные исследователями из Dana-Фарбер в Бостоне (США) показали, что лечение может продлить жизнь больных раком прогресса и снижения риска смерти.
Одобрение FDA означает, что могут быть недоступны для некоторых пациентов в течение следующего года.
Как сказал д-р BBC Отис Броли, медицинский директор Американского общества рака, только в США Где 192 000 мужчин с диагнозом рак предстательной железы ежегодно десятки тысяч пациентов могут получить выгоду от этой новой терапии.
"Это очень важный шаг вперед не только при раке предстательной железы, но и для многих других видов заболевания, так как вакцина может быть использовано для меланомы, рака молочной железы, и так далее." Сказал эксперт.
"Это особое отношение и уникальный, то, что никогда ранее не существовало и, как свидетельствуют отличные результаты клинических испытаний, эта терапия длительная выживаемость больных с раком простаты трудно поддается лечению", говорит д-р Броли .
Иммунотерапия
В отличие от профилактической вакцины, как и грипп, которые укрепляют иммунную систему, чтобы защитить лицо, чтобы избежать попадания болезни, эта новая вакцина "как бы" иммунной системы для борьбы с болезнями уже присутствует в тела.
Этот тип вакцины, называется аутологичной иммунотерапии сотовой, белые кровяные клетки удаляются подвергать пациента белка в клетках предстательной железы и стимулирует молекулы.
Это очень важное событие не только рака предстательной железы, но и для многих других видов заболевания, так как вакцина может быть использовано для меланомы, рака молочной железы и т.д.
Д-р Отис Броли
После этого больной вводили вакцины (3 доз в течение месяца).
Что делает этот процесс, чтобы "подготовить" белые кровяные клетки способны стимулировать иммунную систему пациента, и клетки атакуют рак, когда они вновь в тело.
Поздней стадии клинических испытаний Provenge были проведены в нескольких американских медицинских центров 512 пациентов с раком простаты, которые распространялись за пределы железы и продолжали наступать, даже когда лишен андрогенов.
Результаты показали, что вакцина была возможность продлить выживаемость больных в среднем 4,5 месяца, улучшение выживаемости в течение трех лет на 38% и снижение общего риска смерти в 22,5%.
"Пациенты, которые участвовали в исследовании, были люди, которые подвергались воздействию гормональной терапии, многие из них уже получили химиотерапии", сказал д-р Броли.
"Они были пациенты, которые у него мало надежд на выживание", добавляет он.
Шаг "огромный"
Вакцинация проводится в три приема в течение месяца.
"И хотя расширение 4,5 месяцев выживаемость была достигнута с этой вакциной не кажется большим, в лечении рака предстательной железы является крупным достижением".
Как заявил специалист, этот новый персональный терапии, основанной на уникальных особенностей каждого пациента, положив тем самым начало очень важный этап в лечении рака.
"Это новый способ борьбы с раком, и я знаю, что в будущем этот механизм можно использовать для лечения некоторых других видов заболеваний", говорит Броли.
"Это, конечно, не лекарство от рака, но это совершенно новый подход. На протяжении более 40 лет мы пытаемся найти способы, чтобы тело само несет ответственность за борьбу с этой болезнью, и мы были очень скромные успехи иммунотерапия вакциной рак почки и меланома. "
"Но это первый раз у нас есть реальный режим для передачи белых кровяных клеток и, следовательно, важным шагом".
"Для тех, кто посвященной изучению лечения рака является огромным шагом, и я надеюсь, что в 10 лет можно еще больше расширить выживаемость этих пациентов", говорит ученый.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ciencia_tecnologia/2010/04/100430_
Saturday, May 1, 2010
Monday, April 26, 2010
Streptococci and cancer.Anatoksin vaccine STREPTOEVAK used for treatment and prevention in streptococcosis and complications: Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, psoriasis, cancer.
MedicalPrescript on anatoxins bacterial product...
1.PRESCRIPT
onanatoxins vaccine usage to prevent
streptococcusisof farm, carnivorous and gnawing
animalsand of avifauna.
STREPTOEVAK
1.General Terms
1.1. Anatoxinsvaccine against streptococcusis among
farm, carnivorous and gnawing animals as well as
avifauna has been producedof streptococcus germ
culture belonging to serogroup С inactivated in
formaline and depositedin aluminum hydroxine.
1.2.In outwardappearance it is a coarse dispersion of
yellowish-grey color with batting residual matter
which is formingat the bottom of bottle when stored
and such sedimentation easily restores itshomogenous
condition when shaking the bottle.
1.3.As abiopharmaceutical product this vaccine appears
on the market measured out indoses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0,
3.0, 50 and 200 ml. The bottle of anatoxins
vaccineshould be hermetically sealed with rubber cork
aluminum rolled capping. Each bottle must be labeled
and provide the followinginformation, namely:
denomination of themanufacture and its trade mark,
name of vaccine, the quantity of vaccine in thebottle
(in ml), number of series, control number,
manufacturing date (month andyear), expiration date,
storing conditions, specifications and
cautionarywarning For Animal Beings Only.
1.4. Thebottle which does not carry any labeling or
marking, and/or contains mold, extraneousbodies,
flakes which remain even when shaking the bottle,
having broken ordefective capping as well as remaining
anatoxinsvaccine which was opened and not used within
the same day should be rejected. Thevaccine is
normally destructed by boiling it within 10 minutes.
1.5. Anatoxinsvaccine is suitable for usage within the
two years from the date ofmanufacturing subject it is
stored in a dry dark place under the temperatures of
environment from 2 to 100 degreesCentigrade.
2. Biological Properties
2.1. Anatoxinsvaccine ensures active imunity of
vaccinated animals against streptococcusis. Anatoxins
vaccine is quite safe and arectogenious.
2.2. Vaccinatedanimal beings start having such imunity
after 11-13 days following the first injectionof this
vaccine and remain immune overthe next 6 months and
longer.
2.3. Anatoxinsvaccine has also a curative effect when
streptococcusisafflicts farm, carnivorous and gnawing
animals and avifauna fighting such diseases as blue
bag, endometritis, cystitis, nefritis, eye mucositis,
ear auricleinflammation, arthritis, gastric and
intestinal mucosa, respiratory organdiseases, derma
inflations and abscesses, as well as reduces
surgicalcomplications. Anatoxins vaccine neutralizes
immunologic attack of own body'stissue, affected by
pathogetic streptococcus.
2.4. Anatoxinsvaccine neutralizes exotoxin of
biological agent and prevents tissue injury anddamage.
2.5. Anatoxinsvaccine is an immunostimulant of immune-
evocation which generates polyclonal agitation B-
поликлональной активации В - lymphocytes and
normalizeequilibrium in sub-components ofT-lymphoid
cells.
3. VaccineTreatment Prescription
3.1. Anatoxinsvaccine is used to provide immunity to
farm,carnivorous and gnawing animals as wellas
avifauna in the farms and animalretainers where there
is a risk of streptococcus disease.
3.2. Maleand female animals are being
vaccinatedbetween 30 and 50 days prior service for
breeding. Springer cows are being vaccinatedtwice 50-
60 days prior calving with the doses 2.0 and 3.0 ml
the interval between thevaccinations being from 10 to
14 days. Stud bulls get vaccinated between 30 and 50
days prior service forbreeding with the same doses.
Calves are vaccinated when they reach 18-21 daysof
life with the doses of 2.0 and 3.0 mland the interval
between the vaccinations should be from 10 to 14 days.
3.3.Breedingsows are being vaccinated within theperiod
of 30 and 50 days prior farrowing with the doses of
2.0 and 3.0 ml theinterval between the vaccinations
being from 10 to 14 days. Male pigs get vaccinated
between 30 and 50 days prior service forbreeding with
the same doses. Young pigs are vaccinated twice prior
breakinginto milk with the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 ml the
interval between thevaccinations being from 10 to 14
days.
3.4.Fur animals,gnawers, dogs and cats (male and
female) are vaccinated 20-30 days before service,
growing stock -twice after breaking into milk with
thefollowing doses: the weight of animal being less
than 5 kgs - 0.3 and 0.5 ml,over 5 kgs respectively
0.5 and 1.5 ml and over 35 kgs - 1.0 and 1.5 ml andthe
interval between the vaccinationsbeing from 10 to 14
days.
3.5. Householdand fancy poultry is vaccinated starting
from 2 months of age when under 3 kgsof weight with
the dose: 0.2 and 0.3ml, and over 3 kgs of weight with
the dosesof 0.3 and 0.5 ml.
3.6.For treatmentpurposes the doses of this biological
product should be increased in 2 or 3times and used in
accordance with the prescription. The third dose is
normallyinjected following one month after the the
first one and the forth dose - after2 months following
the first injection.
3.7.Everybottle of Anatoxins vaccine should be shaked
well before usage to get ahomogeneous substance. In a
very coldenvironment it ie required to warm the bottle
with vaccine on steam up to thetemperature of 30-36
degrees Centigrades.
3.8. Anatoxinsvaccine injection is made
intramuscularly to a hip zone, which has to
bepreviously desinfected, syringe and needles should
be asepticized in bolingwater for 10 minutes. At the
point of injection a small concretion may appear
whichwill resolve in 3-5 days after vaccination.
4. Claiming Procedures
4.1. In caseof complications after vaccination or non-
effectiveness the usage of products ofthe same series
should be stopped and inaccordance with the
instructions of Head Veterinary Department on claiming
proceduresdated 19/09/1987 such cases should be
reported to the All-Union State Science andResearch
Institute for veterinary medicines standards and
certifications (5,Zvenigorodskoie shosse, Moscow,
123022). At the same time two bottles of vaccine as
minimumshould be sent to the institute of those which
caused such complications. Theduplicate of the letter
should be sent to the manufacturer.
Vaccine havingits term expired should not be
accepted.See http://www.saberespoder.sitecity.ru
http://picasaweb.google.com/suegra111/CCTREPTOKOKKOZYAn
dComplications# http://www.streptoevak.com
The following studies confirm our results with the vaccine STREPTOEVAK!!!
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer regression by intratumoural injection of live Streptococcus pyogenes in a syngeneic mouse model
C Maletzki1, M Linnebacher2, B Kreikemeyer3, J Emmrich1
+ Author Affiliations
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
2Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
3Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
C Maletzki, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, D-18055 Rostock, Germany; Claudia.Maletzki@uni-rostock.de
Revised 28 September 2007
Accepted 6 November 2007
Published Online First 19 November 2007
Abstract
Background: This study addressed the potential of bacteriolytic therapy using Streptococcus pyogenes in a syngeneic pancreatic carcinoma mouse model.
Methods: Panc02 tumours were either infected with S pyogenes or were treated with the equivalent volume of vehicle. In addition to assessment of tumour histology and immunohistochemistry, isolated splenocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. Interferon (IFN) γ secretion as a reaction of splenocytes against tumour cells was shown through the ELISpot technique. A cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes against tumour targets was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Cytokine levels in serum were measured.
Results: A single application of live bacteria into established Panc02 tumours resulted in complete tumour regression. This antitumoural effect was accompanied by massive leucocyte infiltration into the tumours as well as a significant and sustained elevation of systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ, tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 6. Lymphocytes obtained from treated mice specifically recognised syngeneic tumour cells in IFNγ-ELISpot, and most importantly in cellular cytotoxicity assays, indicating a tumour-specific immune response.
Conclusions: We provide data that both the direct lytic activity of S pyogenes towards tumour cells and the infection-driven infiltration of tumours by cells of the innate immune system lead to damage of tumour cells followed by a dissemination of tumour components. This last outcome allows for the activation of tumour-specific effector cells, most probably in draining lymph nodes, promoted by the proinflammatory context. Taken together, these data indicate that the application of live S pyogenes may be a promising new treatment strategy for advanced pancreatic cancer patients that warrants further investigation.
http://gut.bmj.com/content/57/4/483.abstract
Spontaneous regression: a hidden treasure buried in time
Authors: S A Hoption Cann, J P van Netten, C van Netten, D W Glover
Spontaneous tumor regression is a phenomenon that has been observed for hundreds, if not thousands of years. Although the term spontaneous implies 'without apparent cause', a review of case reports over the last several hundred years demonstrates that regression generally coincides with acute infections. Observations of this non-specific effect led to the emergence of active cancer immunotherapies by the 1700s. By the 1890s, William Coley refined this approach with a bacterial vaccine which, when administered properly, could induce complete regression of extensive metastatic disease. Unfortunately, after Coley's death, his vaccine and technique fell into obscurity. Modern approaches to treatment have reduced the occurrence of spontaneous regressions. Aseptic techniques and antibiotics significantly reduce postoperative infections, while chemotherapy and radiation impair immune activation even when an infection does occur. More than a century after its inception, Coley's vaccine and aggressive approach to treatment may still be one of most effective immunotherapies for cancer.
Medical hypotheses. 01/03/2002; 58(2):115-9.
ISSN: 0306-9877
DOI: 10.1054/mehy.2001.1469
The toxins of William B. Coley and the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas
Authors: Edward F McCarthy
In 1891, William B. Coley injected streptococcal organisms into a patient with inoperable cancer. He thought that the infection he produced would have the side effect of shrinking the malignant tumor. He was successful, and this was one of the first examples of immunotherapy. Over the next forty years, as head of the Bone Tumor Service at Memorial Hospital in New York, Coley injected more than 1000 cancer patients with bacteria or bacterial products. These products became known as Coley's Toxins. He and other doctors who used them reported excellent results, especially in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Despite his reported good results, Coley's Toxins came under a great deal of criticism because many doctors did not believe his results. This criticism, along with the development of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, caused Coley's Toxins to gradually disappear from use. However, the modern science of immunology has shown that Coley's principles were correct and that some cancers are sensitive to an enhanced immune system. Because research is very active in this field, William B. Coley, a bone sarcoma surgeon, deserves the title "Father of Immunotherapy".
The Iowa orthopaedic journal. 01/02/2006; 26:154-8.
ISSN: 1541-5457I like this!You like this publication
Fever and cancer in perspective
Authors: U Hobohm
CONTEXT: A relationship between feverish infection and concurrent remission from cancer has been known about for a very long time. However, a systematic investigation of the phenomenon has not yet been made. OBJECTIVE: To bring together the isolated observations about the coincidence of spontaneous remissions with feverish infections and William Coley's seminal work, as a basis for devising an immunological hypothesis about the putative anti-cancer effect of fever. CONCLUSION: Fever induction under medical guidance may be considered as part of a therapy regimen for cancers of mesodermal origin.
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII. 01/11/2001; 50(8):391-6.
ISSN: 0340-7004
Coley's toxins, tumor necrosis factor and cancer research: a historical perspective
Authors: B Wiemann, C O Starnes
As far back as the 1700s, it was recorded that certain infectious disease processes could exert a beneficial therapeutic effect upon malignancy. Most prominent among the numerous deliberate efforts made to take advantage of these observations was that of a pioneering New York surgeon, William B. Coley, active career 1891-1936. Using a bacterial vaccine to treat primarily inoperable sarcoma. Coley accomplished a cure rate of better than 10%. This review examines the history of these efforts and presents a discussion of their corresponding relevance to present day immunotherapy.
Pharmacology & therapeutics. 01/02/1994; 64(3):529-64.
ISSN: 0163-7258
PANDAS studies are no longer recruiting patients
General Information
PANDAS, is an abbreviation for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections. The term is used to describe a subset of children who have Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and/or tic disorders such as Tourette's Syndrome, and in whom symptoms worsen following strep. infections such as "Strep throat" and Scarlet Fever.
The children usually have dramatic, "overnight" onset of symptoms, including motor or vocal tics, obsessions, and/or compulsions. In addition to these symptoms, children may also become moody, irritable or show concerns about separating from parents or loved ones. This abrupt onset is generally preceeded by a Strep. throat infection.
What is the mechanism behind this phenomenon? At present, it is unknown but researchers at the NIMH are pursuing a theory that the mechanism is similar to that of Rheumatic Fever, an autoimmune disorder triggered by strep. throat infections. In every bacterial infection, the body produces antibodies against the invading bacteria, and the antibodies help eliminate the bacteria from the body. However in Rheumatic Fever, the antibodies mistakenly recognize and "attack" the heart valves, joints, and/or certain parts of the brain. This phenomenon is called "molecular mimicry", which means that proteins on the cell wall of the strep. bacteria are similar in some way to the proteins of the heart valve, joints, or brain. Because the antibodies set off an immune reaction which damages those tissues, the child with Rheumatic Fever can get heart disease (especially mitral valve regurgitation), arthritis, and/or abnormal movements known as Sydenham’s Chorea or St. Vitus Dance.
In PANDAS, it is believed that something very similar to Sydenham’s Chorea occurs. One part of the brain that is affected in PANDAS is the Basal Ganglia, which is believed to be responsible for movement and behavior. Thus, the antibodies interact with the brain to cause tics and/or OCD, instead of Sydenham Chorea.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. Is there a test for PANDAS?
A. No. The diagnosis of PANDAS is a clinical diagnosis, which means that there are no lab tests that can diagnose PANDAS. Instead clinicians use 5 diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of PANDAS (see below). At the present time the clinical features of the illness are the only means of determining whether or not a child might have PANDAS.
Q. What are the diagnostic criteria for PANDAS?
A. They are:
Presence of Obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or a tic disorder
Pediatric onset of symptoms (age 3 years to puberty)
Episodic course of symptom severity
Association with group A Beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection (a positive throat culture for strep. or history of Scarlet Fever.)
Association with neurological abnormalities (motoric hyperactivity, or adventitious movements, such as choreiform movements)
Q. What is an episodic course of symptoms?
A. Children with PANDAS seem to have dramatic ups and downs in their OCD and/or tic severity. Tics or OCD which are almost always present at a relatively consistent level do not represent an episodic course. Many kids with OCD or tics have good days and bad days, or even good weeks and bad weeks. However, patients with PANDAS have a very sudden onset or worsening of their symptoms, followed by a slow, gradual improvement. If they get another strep. infection, their symptoms suddenly worsen again. The increased symptom severity usually persists for at least several weeks, but may last for several months or longer. The tics or OCD then seem to gradually fade away, and the children often enjoy a few weeks or several months without problems. When they have another strep. throat infection the tics or OCD return just as suddenly and dramatically as they did previously.
Q. Are there any other symptoms associated with PANDAS episodes?
A. Yes. Children with PANDAS often experience one or more of the following symptoms in conjunction with their OCD and/or tics:
ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity, inattention, fidgety)
Separation anxiety (Child is "clingy" and has difficulty separating from his/her caregivers. For example, the child may not want to be in a different room in the house from his/her parents.)
Mood changes (irritability, sadness, emotional lability)
Sleep disturbance
Night- time bed wetting and/or day- time urinary frequency
Fine/gross motor changes (e.g. changes in handwriting)
Joint pains
Q. My child has had strep. throat before, and he has tics and/or OCD. Does that mean he has PANDAS?
A. No. Many children have OCD and/or tics, and almost all school aged children get strep. throat at some point in their lives. In fact, the average grade-school student will have 2 – 3 strep. throat infections each year. PANDAS is considered when there is a very close relationship between the abrupt onset or worsening or OCD and/or tics, and a preceding strep. infection. If strep. is found in conjunction with two or three episodes of OCD/tics, then it may be that the child has PANDAS.
Q. Could an adult have PANDAS?
A. No. By definition, PANDAS is a pediatric disorder. It is possible that adolescents and adults may have immune mediated OCD, but this is not known. The research studies at the NIMH are restricted to children.
Q. My child has PANDAS. Should he have his tonsils removed?
A. The NIH does not recommend tonsillectomies for children with PANDAS, as there is no evidence that they are helpful. If a tonsillectomy is recommended because of frequent episodes of tonsillitis, it would be useful to discuss the pros and cons of the procedure with your child’s doctor, because of the role that the tonsils play in fighting strep. infections.
Q. What exactly is an anti-streptococcal antibody titer?
A. The anti-streptococcal antibody titer determines whether there is immunologic evidence of a previous strep. infection. Two different strep. tests are commercially available: the antistrepolysin O (ASO) titer, which rises 3-6 weeks after a strep. infection, and the antistreptococcal DNAase B (AntiDNAse-B) titer, which rises 6-8 weeks after a strep. infection.
Q. What does an elevated anti-streptococcal antibody titer mean? Is this bad for my child?
A. An elevated anti-strep. titer (such as ASO or AntiDNAse-B) means the child has had a strep. infection sometime within the past few months, and his body created antibodies to fight the strep. bacteria. Some children create lots of antibodies and have very high titers (up to 2,000), while others have more modest elevations. The height of the titer elevation doesn’t matter. Further, elevated titers are not a bad thing. They are measuring a normal, healthy response – the production of antibodies to fight off an infection. The antibodies stay in the body for some time after the infection is gone, but the amount of time that the antibodies persist varies greatly between different individuals. Some children have "positive" antibody titers for many months after a single infection.
Q. When is a strep. titer considered to be abnormal, or "elevated"?
A. The lab at NIH considers strep. titers between 0-400 to be normal. Other labs set the upper limit at 150 or 200. Since each lab measures titers in different ways, it is important to know the range used by the laboratory where the test was done – just ask where they draw the line between negative or positive titers.
It is important to note that some grade-school aged children have chronically "elevated" titers. These may actually be in the normal range for that child, as there is a lot of individual variability in titer values. Because of this variability, doctors will often draw a titer when the child is sick, or shortly thereafter, and then draw another titer several weeks later to see if the titer is "rising" – if so, this is strong evidence that the illness was due to strep. (Of course, a less expensive way to make this determination is to take a throat culture at the time that the child is ill.)
Q. Should an elevated strep. titer be treated with antibiotics?
A. No. Elevated titers indicate that a patient has had a past strep. exposure but the titers can not tell you precisely when the strep. infection occurred. Children may have "positive" titers for many months after one infection. Since these elevated titers are merely a marker of a prior infection and not proof of an ongoing infection it is not appropriate to give antibiotics for elevated titers. Antibiotics are recommended only when a child has a positive rapid strep. test or positive strep. throat culture.
Q. What are the treatment options for children with PANDAS?
A. The treatments for children with PANDAS are the same as if they had other types of OCD or tic disorders. Children with OCD, regardless of whether or not their illness is strep. triggered, benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy and/or anti-obsessional medications. A recent study showed that the combination of an SSRI medication (such as fluoxetine) and cognitive behavioral therapy was the best treatment for OCD, and that medication alone or cognitive behavioral therapy alone were better than no treatment, or use of a placebo (sugar pill). It often takes time for these treatments to work, so the sooner therapy is started, the better it is for the child.
Children with strep. triggered tics should be helped by the same tic medications that doctors use to treat other tic disorders. Your child’s primary physician can help you decide which type of specialist your child may need to see to receive these treatments.
Q. Can penicillin be used to treat PANDAS or prevent future PANDAS symptom exacerbations?
A. Penicillin and other antibiotics kill streptococcus and other types of bacteria. The antibiotics treat the sore throat or pharyngitis caused by the strep. by getting rid of the bacteria. However, in PANDAS, it appears that antibodies produced by the body in response to the strep. infection are the cause of the problem, not the bacteria themselves. Therefore one could not expect antibiotics such as penicillin to treat the symptoms of PANDAS. Researchers at the NIMH have been investigating the use of antibiotics as a form of prophylaxis or prevention of future problems. At this time, however, there isn’t enough evidence to recommend the long-term use of antibiotics.
Q. What about treating PANDAS with plasma exchange or immunoglobulin (IVIG)?
A. The results of a controlled trial of plasma exchange (also known as plasmapheresis) and immunoglobulin (IVIG) for the treatment of children in the PANDAS subgroup was published in "The Lancet", Vol. 354, October 2, 1999. All of the children participating in the study had clear evidence of a strep. infection as the trigger of their OCD and tics, and all were severely ill at the time of treatment. The study showed that plasma exchange and IVIG were both effective for the treatment of severe, strep. triggered OCD and tics, and that there were persistent benefits of the interventions. However, there were a number of side-effects associated with the treatments, including nausea, vomiting, headaches and dizziness. In addition, there is a risk of infection with any invasive procedure, such as these. Thus, the treatments should be reserved for severely ill patients, and administered by a qualified team of health care professionals. The NIH is not currently conducting any trials with immunomodulatory therapies, and so is not able to offer either or the treatments.
Of note, a separate study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma exchange in the treatment of chronic OCD (Nicolson et al: An Open Trial of Plasma Exchange in Childhood Onset Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Without Poststreptococcal Exacerbations. "J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000," 39[10]: 1313-1315. None of those children benefited, suggesting that plasma exchange or IVIG is not helpful for children who do not have strep. triggered OCD or tics.
http://intramural.nimh.nih.gov/pdn/web.htm
http://www.saberespoder.sitecity.ru
MedicalPrescript on anatoxins bacterial product...
1.PRESCRIPT
onanatoxins vaccine usage to prevent
streptococcusisof farm, carnivorous and gnawing
animalsand of avifauna.
STREPTOEVAK
1.General Terms
1.1. Anatoxinsvaccine against streptococcusis among
farm, carnivorous and gnawing animals as well as
avifauna has been producedof streptococcus germ
culture belonging to serogroup С inactivated in
formaline and depositedin aluminum hydroxine.
1.2.In outwardappearance it is a coarse dispersion of
yellowish-grey color with batting residual matter
which is formingat the bottom of bottle when stored
and such sedimentation easily restores itshomogenous
condition when shaking the bottle.
1.3.As abiopharmaceutical product this vaccine appears
on the market measured out indoses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0,
3.0, 50 and 200 ml. The bottle of anatoxins
vaccineshould be hermetically sealed with rubber cork
aluminum rolled capping. Each bottle must be labeled
and provide the followinginformation, namely:
denomination of themanufacture and its trade mark,
name of vaccine, the quantity of vaccine in thebottle
(in ml), number of series, control number,
manufacturing date (month andyear), expiration date,
storing conditions, specifications and
cautionarywarning For Animal Beings Only.
1.4. Thebottle which does not carry any labeling or
marking, and/or contains mold, extraneousbodies,
flakes which remain even when shaking the bottle,
having broken ordefective capping as well as remaining
anatoxinsvaccine which was opened and not used within
the same day should be rejected. Thevaccine is
normally destructed by boiling it within 10 minutes.
1.5. Anatoxinsvaccine is suitable for usage within the
two years from the date ofmanufacturing subject it is
stored in a dry dark place under the temperatures of
environment from 2 to 100 degreesCentigrade.
2. Biological Properties
2.1. Anatoxinsvaccine ensures active imunity of
vaccinated animals against streptococcusis. Anatoxins
vaccine is quite safe and arectogenious.
2.2. Vaccinatedanimal beings start having such imunity
after 11-13 days following the first injectionof this
vaccine and remain immune overthe next 6 months and
longer.
2.3. Anatoxinsvaccine has also a curative effect when
streptococcusisafflicts farm, carnivorous and gnawing
animals and avifauna fighting such diseases as blue
bag, endometritis, cystitis, nefritis, eye mucositis,
ear auricleinflammation, arthritis, gastric and
intestinal mucosa, respiratory organdiseases, derma
inflations and abscesses, as well as reduces
surgicalcomplications. Anatoxins vaccine neutralizes
immunologic attack of own body'stissue, affected by
pathogetic streptococcus.
2.4. Anatoxinsvaccine neutralizes exotoxin of
biological agent and prevents tissue injury anddamage.
2.5. Anatoxinsvaccine is an immunostimulant of immune-
evocation which generates polyclonal agitation B-
поликлональной активации В - lymphocytes and
normalizeequilibrium in sub-components ofT-lymphoid
cells.
3. VaccineTreatment Prescription
3.1. Anatoxinsvaccine is used to provide immunity to
farm,carnivorous and gnawing animals as wellas
avifauna in the farms and animalretainers where there
is a risk of streptococcus disease.
3.2. Maleand female animals are being
vaccinatedbetween 30 and 50 days prior service for
breeding. Springer cows are being vaccinatedtwice 50-
60 days prior calving with the doses 2.0 and 3.0 ml
the interval between thevaccinations being from 10 to
14 days. Stud bulls get vaccinated between 30 and 50
days prior service forbreeding with the same doses.
Calves are vaccinated when they reach 18-21 daysof
life with the doses of 2.0 and 3.0 mland the interval
between the vaccinations should be from 10 to 14 days.
3.3.Breedingsows are being vaccinated within theperiod
of 30 and 50 days prior farrowing with the doses of
2.0 and 3.0 ml theinterval between the vaccinations
being from 10 to 14 days. Male pigs get vaccinated
between 30 and 50 days prior service forbreeding with
the same doses. Young pigs are vaccinated twice prior
breakinginto milk with the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 ml the
interval between thevaccinations being from 10 to 14
days.
3.4.Fur animals,gnawers, dogs and cats (male and
female) are vaccinated 20-30 days before service,
growing stock -twice after breaking into milk with
thefollowing doses: the weight of animal being less
than 5 kgs - 0.3 and 0.5 ml,over 5 kgs respectively
0.5 and 1.5 ml and over 35 kgs - 1.0 and 1.5 ml andthe
interval between the vaccinationsbeing from 10 to 14
days.
3.5. Householdand fancy poultry is vaccinated starting
from 2 months of age when under 3 kgsof weight with
the dose: 0.2 and 0.3ml, and over 3 kgs of weight with
the dosesof 0.3 and 0.5 ml.
3.6.For treatmentpurposes the doses of this biological
product should be increased in 2 or 3times and used in
accordance with the prescription. The third dose is
normallyinjected following one month after the the
first one and the forth dose - after2 months following
the first injection.
3.7.Everybottle of Anatoxins vaccine should be shaked
well before usage to get ahomogeneous substance. In a
very coldenvironment it ie required to warm the bottle
with vaccine on steam up to thetemperature of 30-36
degrees Centigrades.
3.8. Anatoxinsvaccine injection is made
intramuscularly to a hip zone, which has to
bepreviously desinfected, syringe and needles should
be asepticized in bolingwater for 10 minutes. At the
point of injection a small concretion may appear
whichwill resolve in 3-5 days after vaccination.
4. Claiming Procedures
4.1. In caseof complications after vaccination or non-
effectiveness the usage of products ofthe same series
should be stopped and inaccordance with the
instructions of Head Veterinary Department on claiming
proceduresdated 19/09/1987 such cases should be
reported to the All-Union State Science andResearch
Institute for veterinary medicines standards and
certifications (5,Zvenigorodskoie shosse, Moscow,
123022). At the same time two bottles of vaccine as
minimumshould be sent to the institute of those which
caused such complications. Theduplicate of the letter
should be sent to the manufacturer.
Vaccine havingits term expired should not be
accepted.See http://www.saberespoder.sitecity.ru
http://picasaweb.google.com/suegra111/CCTREPTOKOKKOZYAn
dComplications# http://www.streptoevak.com
The following studies confirm our results with the vaccine STREPTOEVAK!!!
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer regression by intratumoural injection of live Streptococcus pyogenes in a syngeneic mouse model
C Maletzki1, M Linnebacher2, B Kreikemeyer3, J Emmrich1
+ Author Affiliations
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
2Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
3Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
C Maletzki, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, D-18055 Rostock, Germany; Claudia.Maletzki@uni-rostock.de
Revised 28 September 2007
Accepted 6 November 2007
Published Online First 19 November 2007
Abstract
Background: This study addressed the potential of bacteriolytic therapy using Streptococcus pyogenes in a syngeneic pancreatic carcinoma mouse model.
Methods: Panc02 tumours were either infected with S pyogenes or were treated with the equivalent volume of vehicle. In addition to assessment of tumour histology and immunohistochemistry, isolated splenocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. Interferon (IFN) γ secretion as a reaction of splenocytes against tumour cells was shown through the ELISpot technique. A cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes against tumour targets was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Cytokine levels in serum were measured.
Results: A single application of live bacteria into established Panc02 tumours resulted in complete tumour regression. This antitumoural effect was accompanied by massive leucocyte infiltration into the tumours as well as a significant and sustained elevation of systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ, tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 6. Lymphocytes obtained from treated mice specifically recognised syngeneic tumour cells in IFNγ-ELISpot, and most importantly in cellular cytotoxicity assays, indicating a tumour-specific immune response.
Conclusions: We provide data that both the direct lytic activity of S pyogenes towards tumour cells and the infection-driven infiltration of tumours by cells of the innate immune system lead to damage of tumour cells followed by a dissemination of tumour components. This last outcome allows for the activation of tumour-specific effector cells, most probably in draining lymph nodes, promoted by the proinflammatory context. Taken together, these data indicate that the application of live S pyogenes may be a promising new treatment strategy for advanced pancreatic cancer patients that warrants further investigation.
http://gut.bmj.com/content/57/4/483.abstract
Spontaneous regression: a hidden treasure buried in time
Authors: S A Hoption Cann, J P van Netten, C van Netten, D W Glover
Spontaneous tumor regression is a phenomenon that has been observed for hundreds, if not thousands of years. Although the term spontaneous implies 'without apparent cause', a review of case reports over the last several hundred years demonstrates that regression generally coincides with acute infections. Observations of this non-specific effect led to the emergence of active cancer immunotherapies by the 1700s. By the 1890s, William Coley refined this approach with a bacterial vaccine which, when administered properly, could induce complete regression of extensive metastatic disease. Unfortunately, after Coley's death, his vaccine and technique fell into obscurity. Modern approaches to treatment have reduced the occurrence of spontaneous regressions. Aseptic techniques and antibiotics significantly reduce postoperative infections, while chemotherapy and radiation impair immune activation even when an infection does occur. More than a century after its inception, Coley's vaccine and aggressive approach to treatment may still be one of most effective immunotherapies for cancer.
Medical hypotheses. 01/03/2002; 58(2):115-9.
ISSN: 0306-9877
DOI: 10.1054/mehy.2001.1469
The toxins of William B. Coley and the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas
Authors: Edward F McCarthy
In 1891, William B. Coley injected streptococcal organisms into a patient with inoperable cancer. He thought that the infection he produced would have the side effect of shrinking the malignant tumor. He was successful, and this was one of the first examples of immunotherapy. Over the next forty years, as head of the Bone Tumor Service at Memorial Hospital in New York, Coley injected more than 1000 cancer patients with bacteria or bacterial products. These products became known as Coley's Toxins. He and other doctors who used them reported excellent results, especially in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Despite his reported good results, Coley's Toxins came under a great deal of criticism because many doctors did not believe his results. This criticism, along with the development of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, caused Coley's Toxins to gradually disappear from use. However, the modern science of immunology has shown that Coley's principles were correct and that some cancers are sensitive to an enhanced immune system. Because research is very active in this field, William B. Coley, a bone sarcoma surgeon, deserves the title "Father of Immunotherapy".
The Iowa orthopaedic journal. 01/02/2006; 26:154-8.
ISSN: 1541-5457I like this!You like this publication
Fever and cancer in perspective
Authors: U Hobohm
CONTEXT: A relationship between feverish infection and concurrent remission from cancer has been known about for a very long time. However, a systematic investigation of the phenomenon has not yet been made. OBJECTIVE: To bring together the isolated observations about the coincidence of spontaneous remissions with feverish infections and William Coley's seminal work, as a basis for devising an immunological hypothesis about the putative anti-cancer effect of fever. CONCLUSION: Fever induction under medical guidance may be considered as part of a therapy regimen for cancers of mesodermal origin.
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII. 01/11/2001; 50(8):391-6.
ISSN: 0340-7004
Coley's toxins, tumor necrosis factor and cancer research: a historical perspective
Authors: B Wiemann, C O Starnes
As far back as the 1700s, it was recorded that certain infectious disease processes could exert a beneficial therapeutic effect upon malignancy. Most prominent among the numerous deliberate efforts made to take advantage of these observations was that of a pioneering New York surgeon, William B. Coley, active career 1891-1936. Using a bacterial vaccine to treat primarily inoperable sarcoma. Coley accomplished a cure rate of better than 10%. This review examines the history of these efforts and presents a discussion of their corresponding relevance to present day immunotherapy.
Pharmacology & therapeutics. 01/02/1994; 64(3):529-64.
ISSN: 0163-7258
PANDAS studies are no longer recruiting patients
General Information
PANDAS, is an abbreviation for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections. The term is used to describe a subset of children who have Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and/or tic disorders such as Tourette's Syndrome, and in whom symptoms worsen following strep. infections such as "Strep throat" and Scarlet Fever.
The children usually have dramatic, "overnight" onset of symptoms, including motor or vocal tics, obsessions, and/or compulsions. In addition to these symptoms, children may also become moody, irritable or show concerns about separating from parents or loved ones. This abrupt onset is generally preceeded by a Strep. throat infection.
What is the mechanism behind this phenomenon? At present, it is unknown but researchers at the NIMH are pursuing a theory that the mechanism is similar to that of Rheumatic Fever, an autoimmune disorder triggered by strep. throat infections. In every bacterial infection, the body produces antibodies against the invading bacteria, and the antibodies help eliminate the bacteria from the body. However in Rheumatic Fever, the antibodies mistakenly recognize and "attack" the heart valves, joints, and/or certain parts of the brain. This phenomenon is called "molecular mimicry", which means that proteins on the cell wall of the strep. bacteria are similar in some way to the proteins of the heart valve, joints, or brain. Because the antibodies set off an immune reaction which damages those tissues, the child with Rheumatic Fever can get heart disease (especially mitral valve regurgitation), arthritis, and/or abnormal movements known as Sydenham’s Chorea or St. Vitus Dance.
In PANDAS, it is believed that something very similar to Sydenham’s Chorea occurs. One part of the brain that is affected in PANDAS is the Basal Ganglia, which is believed to be responsible for movement and behavior. Thus, the antibodies interact with the brain to cause tics and/or OCD, instead of Sydenham Chorea.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. Is there a test for PANDAS?
A. No. The diagnosis of PANDAS is a clinical diagnosis, which means that there are no lab tests that can diagnose PANDAS. Instead clinicians use 5 diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of PANDAS (see below). At the present time the clinical features of the illness are the only means of determining whether or not a child might have PANDAS.
Q. What are the diagnostic criteria for PANDAS?
A. They are:
Presence of Obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or a tic disorder
Pediatric onset of symptoms (age 3 years to puberty)
Episodic course of symptom severity
Association with group A Beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection (a positive throat culture for strep. or history of Scarlet Fever.)
Association with neurological abnormalities (motoric hyperactivity, or adventitious movements, such as choreiform movements)
Q. What is an episodic course of symptoms?
A. Children with PANDAS seem to have dramatic ups and downs in their OCD and/or tic severity. Tics or OCD which are almost always present at a relatively consistent level do not represent an episodic course. Many kids with OCD or tics have good days and bad days, or even good weeks and bad weeks. However, patients with PANDAS have a very sudden onset or worsening of their symptoms, followed by a slow, gradual improvement. If they get another strep. infection, their symptoms suddenly worsen again. The increased symptom severity usually persists for at least several weeks, but may last for several months or longer. The tics or OCD then seem to gradually fade away, and the children often enjoy a few weeks or several months without problems. When they have another strep. throat infection the tics or OCD return just as suddenly and dramatically as they did previously.
Q. Are there any other symptoms associated with PANDAS episodes?
A. Yes. Children with PANDAS often experience one or more of the following symptoms in conjunction with their OCD and/or tics:
ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity, inattention, fidgety)
Separation anxiety (Child is "clingy" and has difficulty separating from his/her caregivers. For example, the child may not want to be in a different room in the house from his/her parents.)
Mood changes (irritability, sadness, emotional lability)
Sleep disturbance
Night- time bed wetting and/or day- time urinary frequency
Fine/gross motor changes (e.g. changes in handwriting)
Joint pains
Q. My child has had strep. throat before, and he has tics and/or OCD. Does that mean he has PANDAS?
A. No. Many children have OCD and/or tics, and almost all school aged children get strep. throat at some point in their lives. In fact, the average grade-school student will have 2 – 3 strep. throat infections each year. PANDAS is considered when there is a very close relationship between the abrupt onset or worsening or OCD and/or tics, and a preceding strep. infection. If strep. is found in conjunction with two or three episodes of OCD/tics, then it may be that the child has PANDAS.
Q. Could an adult have PANDAS?
A. No. By definition, PANDAS is a pediatric disorder. It is possible that adolescents and adults may have immune mediated OCD, but this is not known. The research studies at the NIMH are restricted to children.
Q. My child has PANDAS. Should he have his tonsils removed?
A. The NIH does not recommend tonsillectomies for children with PANDAS, as there is no evidence that they are helpful. If a tonsillectomy is recommended because of frequent episodes of tonsillitis, it would be useful to discuss the pros and cons of the procedure with your child’s doctor, because of the role that the tonsils play in fighting strep. infections.
Q. What exactly is an anti-streptococcal antibody titer?
A. The anti-streptococcal antibody titer determines whether there is immunologic evidence of a previous strep. infection. Two different strep. tests are commercially available: the antistrepolysin O (ASO) titer, which rises 3-6 weeks after a strep. infection, and the antistreptococcal DNAase B (AntiDNAse-B) titer, which rises 6-8 weeks after a strep. infection.
Q. What does an elevated anti-streptococcal antibody titer mean? Is this bad for my child?
A. An elevated anti-strep. titer (such as ASO or AntiDNAse-B) means the child has had a strep. infection sometime within the past few months, and his body created antibodies to fight the strep. bacteria. Some children create lots of antibodies and have very high titers (up to 2,000), while others have more modest elevations. The height of the titer elevation doesn’t matter. Further, elevated titers are not a bad thing. They are measuring a normal, healthy response – the production of antibodies to fight off an infection. The antibodies stay in the body for some time after the infection is gone, but the amount of time that the antibodies persist varies greatly between different individuals. Some children have "positive" antibody titers for many months after a single infection.
Q. When is a strep. titer considered to be abnormal, or "elevated"?
A. The lab at NIH considers strep. titers between 0-400 to be normal. Other labs set the upper limit at 150 or 200. Since each lab measures titers in different ways, it is important to know the range used by the laboratory where the test was done – just ask where they draw the line between negative or positive titers.
It is important to note that some grade-school aged children have chronically "elevated" titers. These may actually be in the normal range for that child, as there is a lot of individual variability in titer values. Because of this variability, doctors will often draw a titer when the child is sick, or shortly thereafter, and then draw another titer several weeks later to see if the titer is "rising" – if so, this is strong evidence that the illness was due to strep. (Of course, a less expensive way to make this determination is to take a throat culture at the time that the child is ill.)
Q. Should an elevated strep. titer be treated with antibiotics?
A. No. Elevated titers indicate that a patient has had a past strep. exposure but the titers can not tell you precisely when the strep. infection occurred. Children may have "positive" titers for many months after one infection. Since these elevated titers are merely a marker of a prior infection and not proof of an ongoing infection it is not appropriate to give antibiotics for elevated titers. Antibiotics are recommended only when a child has a positive rapid strep. test or positive strep. throat culture.
Q. What are the treatment options for children with PANDAS?
A. The treatments for children with PANDAS are the same as if they had other types of OCD or tic disorders. Children with OCD, regardless of whether or not their illness is strep. triggered, benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy and/or anti-obsessional medications. A recent study showed that the combination of an SSRI medication (such as fluoxetine) and cognitive behavioral therapy was the best treatment for OCD, and that medication alone or cognitive behavioral therapy alone were better than no treatment, or use of a placebo (sugar pill). It often takes time for these treatments to work, so the sooner therapy is started, the better it is for the child.
Children with strep. triggered tics should be helped by the same tic medications that doctors use to treat other tic disorders. Your child’s primary physician can help you decide which type of specialist your child may need to see to receive these treatments.
Q. Can penicillin be used to treat PANDAS or prevent future PANDAS symptom exacerbations?
A. Penicillin and other antibiotics kill streptococcus and other types of bacteria. The antibiotics treat the sore throat or pharyngitis caused by the strep. by getting rid of the bacteria. However, in PANDAS, it appears that antibodies produced by the body in response to the strep. infection are the cause of the problem, not the bacteria themselves. Therefore one could not expect antibiotics such as penicillin to treat the symptoms of PANDAS. Researchers at the NIMH have been investigating the use of antibiotics as a form of prophylaxis or prevention of future problems. At this time, however, there isn’t enough evidence to recommend the long-term use of antibiotics.
Q. What about treating PANDAS with plasma exchange or immunoglobulin (IVIG)?
A. The results of a controlled trial of plasma exchange (also known as plasmapheresis) and immunoglobulin (IVIG) for the treatment of children in the PANDAS subgroup was published in "The Lancet", Vol. 354, October 2, 1999. All of the children participating in the study had clear evidence of a strep. infection as the trigger of their OCD and tics, and all were severely ill at the time of treatment. The study showed that plasma exchange and IVIG were both effective for the treatment of severe, strep. triggered OCD and tics, and that there were persistent benefits of the interventions. However, there were a number of side-effects associated with the treatments, including nausea, vomiting, headaches and dizziness. In addition, there is a risk of infection with any invasive procedure, such as these. Thus, the treatments should be reserved for severely ill patients, and administered by a qualified team of health care professionals. The NIH is not currently conducting any trials with immunomodulatory therapies, and so is not able to offer either or the treatments.
Of note, a separate study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma exchange in the treatment of chronic OCD (Nicolson et al: An Open Trial of Plasma Exchange in Childhood Onset Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Without Poststreptococcal Exacerbations. "J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000," 39[10]: 1313-1315. None of those children benefited, suggesting that plasma exchange or IVIG is not helpful for children who do not have strep. triggered OCD or tics.
http://intramural.nimh.nih.gov/pdn/web.htm
http://www.saberespoder.sitecity.ru
New specific biological product to remedy autoimmune reactions of a streptococcal aetiology.
V.A.Esepenok, the Doctor of Veterinary Science. Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after Dr K.I. Skryabin.
Streptococcoci is an infectious disease of human beings, of all types of live-stock animals, wildlife fauna, laboratory animals as well as of all barnyard and wildlife fowls, bees, fish and the reptiles, which is induced by gram-positive bacteria of streptococcosus. Wide bacteria carriage rate among attendants and service personnel fosters the infection of animals and vice versa, due to the fact that haemolytic streptococci are identical for all the chordates.
The disease affects localized sectors (abscess), specific tissues, organs, body systems as well as all the organism leading to a lethal termination.
Pathogenic streptococci are complex biological substances with external and internal enzymes which in the course of their biological life have adapted to elude from phagocytes, to avoid system of complement, to form mutants in a parent cell causing disease of the host even when there are no signs of immunodeficiency.
The aetiological significance of streptococci in pathology of animals and human beings is being underestimated, as they are fastidious to nutrient mediums and certain skills for their extraction from pathological material are required. Immune attack of autogenous tissues of the host of the pathogenic agent germinates usually without its excretion from the diseased organism. Internal aggressines of pathogenic streptococci damage tissues of the host and ensure penetration of streptococci (disease progress i.e. zymosis) as well as of other microorganisms, i.e. provoking a number of infectious diseases which are not listed in R. Koch's triad.
Having studied the biology of pathogenic streptococci and disease progress during their penetration into a susceptible organism, we have prepared a toxoid-vaccine STREPTOEVAK on the basis of biological polymers (1).
The biological product in reference is harmless and arectogenious, possesses antitoxic and preventive effects against haemolytic streptococci of animals and birds. The above has been proved in experimental and working conditions on thousands various kinds of susceptible animals (2).
At present practicing medical experts all over the world have nor secure tools nor preventive remedy for streptococcosis of human beings. According to L.V.Lvova (2000) (3), in case of streptococcosis disease, unfortunately, there is no medical product able to save human beings from glomerulonephritis. Even such radical treatment as transplantation does not ensure success for up to 100%, because in most of the cases glomerulonephritis germinates again in the replaced kidney. Scientists of the State Centre of Science of Virology and Biotechnology of the Russian Federation called the VECTOR (2006) have put forward a hypothesis: « Aetiology of oncological and cardiovascular diseases » where they convincingly predict etiological significance of streptococci. We theoretically understand and support medical scientists, and practically we are working for confirming a solvency of their assumptions.
Autoimmune diseases of eyesight constitute a serious problem of veterinary medicine due to the fact that it is often that such diseases lead to dangerous, and sometimes even irreversible changes in eye tissue. The keratoconjunctivitis sicca (when the inflammation is due to dryness), which leads, as its consequence, to the deep parenchymatous ulcerous keratitis with ulcers that remain unhealed for rather extended period of time constitute a serious problem because apart from representing some interrelated processes they are also the linking components of pathogenesis thus provoking the blindness of animals.
The toxoid-vaccine of STREPTOEVAK is successfully applied to the treatment of cats with an initial stage of corneal sequestrum. The basic diagnostic criteria for this product application are: blepharospasmus, lachrymation, third eyelid prolapse. When applying the solution of fluorescein against the affected cornea an intensive green coloring of all erosive surface appears. Streptoevak is normally applied in a dose of 0.5 ml intramuscularly with an interval of 15-20 days up to three applications. Together with Streptoevak the Actovegin is normally prescribed which is an eye jelly, as well as some antimicrobial agents. When the treatment starts without delay a restoration of integrity of the cornea is achieved, and further impregnation of the denuded stroma with epinephrine of tear does not occur as well as pigmentary focus formation is being avoided .
Especially this biological product is effective (that proves its high specificity) in the cases of transformation of fibroblast-like cells on mucous tunic of eyes of dogs (the third eyesight). Enclosed photos show animals before treatment (1.2) and those after treatment (3.4). The course of treatment is just four (4) injections in accordance with instructions for application of toxiod-vaccine product. For the first time in the world the results of treatment of cats and dogs curing streptococcosus disease aftereffects have been achieved without surgery operations.
Studying the influence of STREPTOEVAK over the growth of an intertwined liver tumor (hepatocellular carcinoma) of mice was our next stage of work. The experiment has been made on mice RUVR. For the hypodermic transplantation it has been used the passage number 16 of the liver tumor strain on experiment animals, which was obtained in Russian Oncological Scientific Center named after N.N.Blokhin working under the Russian Academy of Medical Science. The mice have been vaccinated twice with an interval of 12 days by intraperitoneal introduction in doses of 0.1 and 0.3 ml respectively. Transplant subinoculation of the tumor has been made after 7 days following the last vaccination. The control of effects has been made comparing the results against non-vaccinated mice having subinoculated tumors. Effects of vaccination have been evaluated by the periods between the first tumor nodes occur and tumor nodes in progress at a later stage as well as when the tumor growth slows down and finally evaluating the changes in life expectancy. The first nodes in the vaccinated tissue of vaccinated mice have appeared a little bit later (the percentage of time increase was equal to 5%), however, the difference between the experiment group and the control one were not very significant from statistics point of view. The average volume of tumor nodes among the vaccinated mice was less, than among non-vaccinated mice. Significant differences were registered in 8 out of 11 measurements made during the experiment. Among the vaccinated mice some decrease in average life expectancy (8 %) has been registered, however, the differences in reference were not significant from statistics point of view as compared with non-vaccinated animals results.
Analyzing the received positive results on cats and dogs (more than 100 animals), and also on laboratory animals it is possible to make a confident conclusion that toxoid-vaccine STREPTOEVAK is a specific medical biological product which enables to achieve the required effects in cases of autoimmune reactions of streptococcal aetiology.
1. V.A.Esepenok. Streptococcosus among nutrias: diagnostics, methods of curing and preventive measures. The dissertation in the form of the scientific report as a doctorate thesis applying for a degree of the Doctor of Veterinary Sciences. Moscow. Russia. 1998. http://www.saberespoder.sitecity.ru
2. V.A.Esepenok, H.S.Gorbatova. Aetiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prophylaxis of Streptococcoci (modern view). The Veterinary Adviser May, No. 10 (125) 2006.
3. L.V.Lvova. Streptococcosus strikes a blow. Z. Arquive.2000 No. 8.
4. Scientists of the State Centre for Science of Virology and Biotechnology, the VECTOR. (2006). Hypothesis. « Aetiology of oncological and cardiovascular diseases ».
http://www.vetcons.ru/
V.A.Esepenok, the Doctor of Veterinary Science. Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after Dr K.I. Skryabin.
Streptococcoci is an infectious disease of human beings, of all types of live-stock animals, wildlife fauna, laboratory animals as well as of all barnyard and wildlife fowls, bees, fish and the reptiles, which is induced by gram-positive bacteria of streptococcosus. Wide bacteria carriage rate among attendants and service personnel fosters the infection of animals and vice versa, due to the fact that haemolytic streptococci are identical for all the chordates.
The disease affects localized sectors (abscess), specific tissues, organs, body systems as well as all the organism leading to a lethal termination.
Pathogenic streptococci are complex biological substances with external and internal enzymes which in the course of their biological life have adapted to elude from phagocytes, to avoid system of complement, to form mutants in a parent cell causing disease of the host even when there are no signs of immunodeficiency.
The aetiological significance of streptococci in pathology of animals and human beings is being underestimated, as they are fastidious to nutrient mediums and certain skills for their extraction from pathological material are required. Immune attack of autogenous tissues of the host of the pathogenic agent germinates usually without its excretion from the diseased organism. Internal aggressines of pathogenic streptococci damage tissues of the host and ensure penetration of streptococci (disease progress i.e. zymosis) as well as of other microorganisms, i.e. provoking a number of infectious diseases which are not listed in R. Koch's triad.
Having studied the biology of pathogenic streptococci and disease progress during their penetration into a susceptible organism, we have prepared a toxoid-vaccine STREPTOEVAK on the basis of biological polymers (1).
The biological product in reference is harmless and arectogenious, possesses antitoxic and preventive effects against haemolytic streptococci of animals and birds. The above has been proved in experimental and working conditions on thousands various kinds of susceptible animals (2).
At present practicing medical experts all over the world have nor secure tools nor preventive remedy for streptococcosis of human beings. According to L.V.Lvova (2000) (3), in case of streptococcosis disease, unfortunately, there is no medical product able to save human beings from glomerulonephritis. Even such radical treatment as transplantation does not ensure success for up to 100%, because in most of the cases glomerulonephritis germinates again in the replaced kidney. Scientists of the State Centre of Science of Virology and Biotechnology of the Russian Federation called the VECTOR (2006) have put forward a hypothesis: « Aetiology of oncological and cardiovascular diseases » where they convincingly predict etiological significance of streptococci. We theoretically understand and support medical scientists, and practically we are working for confirming a solvency of their assumptions.
Autoimmune diseases of eyesight constitute a serious problem of veterinary medicine due to the fact that it is often that such diseases lead to dangerous, and sometimes even irreversible changes in eye tissue. The keratoconjunctivitis sicca (when the inflammation is due to dryness), which leads, as its consequence, to the deep parenchymatous ulcerous keratitis with ulcers that remain unhealed for rather extended period of time constitute a serious problem because apart from representing some interrelated processes they are also the linking components of pathogenesis thus provoking the blindness of animals.
The toxoid-vaccine of STREPTOEVAK is successfully applied to the treatment of cats with an initial stage of corneal sequestrum. The basic diagnostic criteria for this product application are: blepharospasmus, lachrymation, third eyelid prolapse. When applying the solution of fluorescein against the affected cornea an intensive green coloring of all erosive surface appears. Streptoevak is normally applied in a dose of 0.5 ml intramuscularly with an interval of 15-20 days up to three applications. Together with Streptoevak the Actovegin is normally prescribed which is an eye jelly, as well as some antimicrobial agents. When the treatment starts without delay a restoration of integrity of the cornea is achieved, and further impregnation of the denuded stroma with epinephrine of tear does not occur as well as pigmentary focus formation is being avoided .
Especially this biological product is effective (that proves its high specificity) in the cases of transformation of fibroblast-like cells on mucous tunic of eyes of dogs (the third eyesight). Enclosed photos show animals before treatment (1.2) and those after treatment (3.4). The course of treatment is just four (4) injections in accordance with instructions for application of toxiod-vaccine product. For the first time in the world the results of treatment of cats and dogs curing streptococcosus disease aftereffects have been achieved without surgery operations.
Studying the influence of STREPTOEVAK over the growth of an intertwined liver tumor (hepatocellular carcinoma) of mice was our next stage of work. The experiment has been made on mice RUVR. For the hypodermic transplantation it has been used the passage number 16 of the liver tumor strain on experiment animals, which was obtained in Russian Oncological Scientific Center named after N.N.Blokhin working under the Russian Academy of Medical Science. The mice have been vaccinated twice with an interval of 12 days by intraperitoneal introduction in doses of 0.1 and 0.3 ml respectively. Transplant subinoculation of the tumor has been made after 7 days following the last vaccination. The control of effects has been made comparing the results against non-vaccinated mice having subinoculated tumors. Effects of vaccination have been evaluated by the periods between the first tumor nodes occur and tumor nodes in progress at a later stage as well as when the tumor growth slows down and finally evaluating the changes in life expectancy. The first nodes in the vaccinated tissue of vaccinated mice have appeared a little bit later (the percentage of time increase was equal to 5%), however, the difference between the experiment group and the control one were not very significant from statistics point of view. The average volume of tumor nodes among the vaccinated mice was less, than among non-vaccinated mice. Significant differences were registered in 8 out of 11 measurements made during the experiment. Among the vaccinated mice some decrease in average life expectancy (8 %) has been registered, however, the differences in reference were not significant from statistics point of view as compared with non-vaccinated animals results.
Analyzing the received positive results on cats and dogs (more than 100 animals), and also on laboratory animals it is possible to make a confident conclusion that toxoid-vaccine STREPTOEVAK is a specific medical biological product which enables to achieve the required effects in cases of autoimmune reactions of streptococcal aetiology.
1. V.A.Esepenok. Streptococcosus among nutrias: diagnostics, methods of curing and preventive measures. The dissertation in the form of the scientific report as a doctorate thesis applying for a degree of the Doctor of Veterinary Sciences. Moscow. Russia. 1998. http://www.saberespoder.sitecity.ru
2. V.A.Esepenok, H.S.Gorbatova. Aetiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prophylaxis of Streptococcoci (modern view). The Veterinary Adviser May, No. 10 (125) 2006.
3. L.V.Lvova. Streptococcosus strikes a blow. Z. Arquive.2000 No. 8.
4. Scientists of the State Centre for Science of Virology and Biotechnology, the VECTOR. (2006). Hypothesis. « Aetiology of oncological and cardiovascular diseases ».
http://www.vetcons.ru/
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)